Assessment of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Nano Chitosan, Chlorhexidine, Chlorhexidine/Nano Chitosan Combination versus Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigation in Patients with Necrotic Mandibular Premolars: A Randomized Clinical Trial

AIM: The study was done to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of Chitosan Nanoparticles (CNPs), Chlorhexidine (CHX), and their combination (CHX/CNPs) versus that Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in patients with mandibular necrotic premolars evaluate effects on post-operative pain after single-visit endodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty were divided randomly four groups (n = 15) according used irrigating solution. Instrumentation using rotary ProTaper files. During instrumentation, irrigation 2.5% NaOCl; afterward, canals flushed sterile saline. A final flush irrigants as follows: 3% CNPs for Group A, 2% CHX B, CHX/CNPs C, 5.25% NaOCl D. Samples collected from root before canal preparation then cultured number colony-forming units/ml. All instructed record pre- levels a numerical rating scale. RESULTS: significantly more effective than either or however, there no significant difference between them against anaerobic bacteria. tested similarly aerobic associated lower first 24 h CONCLUSIONS: its are both bacteria isolated premolars. Post-operative intensity CNPs/CHX CHX.